APA 7 Referencing – Quick Guide for Health Sciences

SOURCE TO BE REFERENCED	IN TEXT	IN THE REFERENCE LIST
BOOK E-BOOK Cited in text in the same way as for a print book	Bickley (2016) suggests that efficient history taking benefits patient care. OR Efficient history taking benefits patient care (Bickley, 2016). ... as Parahoo (2014) affirms. OR …evidence-based research (Parahoo, 2014).	Bickley, L.S. (2016). Bates’ guide to physical examination and history taking (12th ed.). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. [Note the punctuation used. Also, the title is in italics.] Remember to indent after the 1st line of the reference, as in the reference above. [N.B. Only some of the example references in this guide have been indented, due to the limited space]. Parahoo, K. (2014). Nursing research: Principles, process and issues (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. https://ebookcentral/lib/bangor/4763662 [Include the URL address, for e-books.]
CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK	Tomos (2017) confirms that the midwife’s ability to communicate will affect the quality of care given. Only the Chapter Author is given in the text. This disorder causes low immunity (McErlean, 2014).	Edited Print Book: Tomos, W. (2017). The midwife as communicator. In A. Williams, G. Huws, & T. Parri (Eds.), Common midwives’ problems (pp.34-46). Churchill Livingstone. Edited E-Book: McErlean. L. (2014). The person with a haematological disorder. In I. Peate, & K. Wild (Eds.), Nursing practice: Knowledge and care (2nd ed., pp. 569-594). https://ebookcentral/lib/bangor/1765076

SOURCE TO BE REFERENCED

IN TEXT

IN THE REFERENCE LIST

BOOK

E-BOOK

Cited in text in the same way as for a print book

Bickley (2016) suggests that efficient history taking benefits patient care.

Efficient history taking benefits patient care (Bickley, 2016).

... as Parahoo (2014) affirms.

…evidence-based research (Parahoo, 2014).

Bickley, L.S. (2016). Bates’ guide to physical examination and

history taking (12th ed.). Lippincott Williams and

Wilkins.

[Note the punctuation used. Also, the title is in italics.]

Remember to indent after the 1st line of the reference, as in the reference above.

[N.B. Only some of the example references in this guide have been indented, due to the limited space].

Parahoo, K. (2014). Nursing research: Principles, process and

issues (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.

https://ebookcentral/lib/bangor/4763662

[Include the URL address, for e-books.]

CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK

Tomos (2017) confirms that the midwife’s ability to communicate will affect the quality of care given.

Only the Chapter Author is given in the text.

This disorder causes low immunity (McErlean, 2014).

Edited Print Book:

Tomos, W. (2017). The midwife as communicator. In A. Williams, G. Huws, & T. Parri (Eds.), Common midwives’ problems (pp.34-46). Churchill Livingstone.

Edited E-Book:

McErlean. L. (2014). The person with a haematological disorder. In I. Peate, & K. Wild (Eds.), Nursing practice: Knowledge and care (2nd ed., pp. 569-594). https://ebookcentral/lib/bangor/1765076

SOURCE TO BE REFERENCED	IN TEXT	IN THE REFERENCE LIST
JOURNAL ARTICLE	In reflecting on the difference that a dementia-friendly initiative made on patient experience, Brooke and Semlyen (2019) found that…	Brooke, J., & Semlyen, J. (2019). Exploring the impact of dementia- friendly ward environments on the provision of care: A qualitative thematic analysis. Dementia, 18(2), 685-700. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301216689402 Note the Name of the Journal is in italics not the title of the article. The volume number that comes straight after the Journal Name is also to be in italics. Include the doi after the page numbers, https://doi.org/xxx Su, J. J., Masika, G. M., Paguio, J. T., & Redding, S. R. (2020). Defining compassionate nursing care. Nursing Ethics, 27(2), 480–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019851546 If there is no doi, include the URL web address after the page numbers instead, https://xxxx
AUTHORS For 2 Authors Give both Authors’ names in the reference list. 3 or more Authors: Use first author’s surname and “et al.” in text.	(Macdonald & Johnson, 2017) OR according to Macdonald and Johnson (2017) Patients in critical care units prioritise the need to feel safe and the need for information above other physiological needs (Davies et al., 2016)	Macdonald, S., & Johnson, G. (2017). Mayes’ midwifery (15th ed.). Elsevier. Note the use of the symbol “&”, instead of the word “and” when the Authors’ names are cited within the brackets. Davies, R., Williams, R., Doris, P., & Wyn, N. (2016). Zen and the Art of critical care nursing (9th ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Note ‘&’ is used between second to last and last name in list of authors. Give all the authors’ names in reference list. Don’t use “et al.” in reference list!
EDITOR(S)	…Webb (2019) (Innes, Dover, & Fairhurst, 2018)	Webb, L. (Ed.). (2019). Communication skills in nursing practice. SAGE. Innes, J.A., Dover, A.R., & Fairhurst, K. (Eds.). (2018). Macleod’s Clinical examination (14th ed.). Elsevier.

SOURCE TO BE REFERENCED

IN TEXT

IN THE REFERENCE LIST

Secondary references

avoid using these.

If you do have to use them, give the full details of the item you saw and the author and date of the secondary item.

There are several reasons why this method may be preferred for temperature measurement (Jones, 2012, as cited in Blows, 2018).

Blows, W.T. (2018). The biological basis of clinical

observations (3rd ed.). Routledge.

[in the reference list, only give the details of the source you have actually read]

WEBSITES

Remember that the onus is on you to ensure that they are credible sources of information

REPORTS

If they have been accessed online, they are referenced in the same way as websites.

One aspect discussed in the Progress Review (Department of Health, 2019) is that people with dementia be given timely and respectful support.

Give the author and date NOT the URL

web address.

Marmot et al. (2020) have evaluated

Department of Health and Social Care. (2019). Dementia

2020 challenge: Progress review. Department of

Health.

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dementia-2020- challenge-progress-review

no personal author named, give the
rganization name as the author.

DATES:

Include the year (2018), unless a more specific date is given on the webpage - in that case, you would include that, e.g. if the month and day were given, put like this (2018, August 3).

no date given, use (n.d.).
there is a copyright date for that specific webpage (not the whole website), you can use that. Or, a “Last updated” date, if that has been given.

Don’t usually need to include the date you retrieved it, at the end of the reference. The only exception would be if the information on the webpage is likely to change over time or be updated, without being archived.

Marmot, M., Allen, J., Boyce, T. Peter Goldblatt, P., & Morrison, J. (2020). Health equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 years on. Institute of Health Equity. http://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/resources-reports/marmot-review-10-years-on/the-marmot-review-10-years-on-full-report.pdf

SOURCE TO BE REFERENCED	IN TEXT	IN THE REFERENCE LIST
Acts of Parliament	This is clearly defined in section 1 of the Mental Capacity Act (2005).	Mental Capacity Act, 2005. (c.9). London: The Stationery Office. [legislation.gov.uk is not to be added to the end of the reference]
Use of direct quotes – limit your use of these. It is your ideas we are interested in, not long tracts of other authors’ words.	Agrawal (2015) suggests that “the professional mask worn by health professionals can distort their relationships with clients.” (p.377) Page number must be included for direct quotes from books. Quotes of more than 40 words must be indented in the text and no quotation marks.	Agrawal, I. (2015). Social behaviour and professional interactions. Palgrave. Text - For quotes from webpages: you can put the paragraph number instead, e.g. World Health Organization (WHO,2019, para.4), or the section number (WHO, 2019, Health determinants section), or both (WHO, 2019, Health determinants section, para.4).
Same author, same year entries – use if you are citing 2 or more publications by the same author which are published in the same year, in order to differentiate between them.	During the placement, students were supervised in line with the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s Standards (NMC, 2018a) . Professional accountability has been prioritized, in accordance with the NMC’s guidance (2018b).	Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2018a). Part 2: Standards for student supervision and assessment.NMC. http://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassests/sitedocuments/educ- standards/student-supervision-assessment.pdf Nursing and Midwifery Council (2018b). Future nurse: Standards of proficiency for registered nurses. NMC. https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ standards-of-proficiency/nurses/future-nurse- proficien.pdf

KEY THINGS TO REMEMBER

The full details of every item you have used are given in a reference list at the end of your assignment. This list is to be arranged in alphabetical order, by the authors’ surnames.

Titles of books, webpages, reports and Journal Names are to be italicized in the reference list. Journal Names are to be given in full, e.g. British Journal of Nursing not Brit. Jnl Nursing.

For each reference, after the first line, any further lines need to be indented. This is how to create a hanging indent in Word documents:
Place your cursor at the beginning of the second line of your reference, before any text.
Right click your mouse.
Select Paragraph from the resulting pop up menu, or from the ribbon bar (see picture below).
Under Indentation, use the Special pull-down menu to select Hanging.

Image showing how to select a hanging indent in Word documents

To cite in your assignment, you need to put the surnames only of the author(s) and the year of publication. If you are directly quoting someone else’s work, then you also include the page number.

In your assignment, link two authors’ names with and when cited outside brackets. Link with an ampersand, that is &, if inside brackets.

Think about whether you will need to maintain confidentiality with regard to Health Board or other Placement Location policies. Refer to the full APA Guide for how to do this.

The NMC Code is to be cited in your assignment in a manner specific to the School of Health Sciences. See the next page for how to do this.

The School of Health Sciences wishes the NMC Code to be cited and referenced in the following way:

In Text: The first time the Code is referred to, the title needs to be cited in full and in italics:

…according to the Code: Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for Nurses, Midwives, and Nursing Associates, hereafter referred to as the Code (Nursing & Midwifery Council [NMC], 2018).

Subsequent citations can then be given as - the Code (NMC, 2018).

In Reference List:

Format: Author. (Year). Title. Publisher.

Nursing & Midwifery Council. (2018). The code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour for

Nurses, midwives and nursing associates. London: NMC.

Further example references are available on the APA Style website. Here is the link:

https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

The longer referencing guide can also be referred to.

[Guide updated 2020. Library & Archives Service]